Oman Through History: Who Ruled Its Lands
The land of today's Oman appears on 39 historical border maps from 500 BC to today. Over that time it was held, in whole or in part, by 11 different states, among them Hadramaut, Oman, Muscat and Oman, Abbasid Caliphate, Arabia.
OmanExplore the history of Oman in the interactive map
Compare 1000 with today · Oman as a state on the map
Who ruled the land of Oman, map by map
Share of sample points inside today's borders held by each state on each map. Areas with no organised state on the map are left out.
| Map | Main states on this land |
|---|---|
| 323 BC | Hadramaut 17% |
| 300 BC | Hadramaut 17% |
| 200 BC | Hadramaut 15% |
| 100 BC | Hadramaut 17% |
| 1 BC | Muscat 81% · Hadramaut 8% |
| AD 100 | Hadramaut 10% |
| AD 200 | Hadramaut 10% |
| AD 300 | Hadramaut 10% |
| AD 400 | Hadramaut 10% |
| AD 600 | Mazun 6% |
| AD 700 | Mazun 6% |
| AD 800 | Abbasid Caliphate 100% |
| AD 900 | Abbasid Caliphate 100% |
| 1000 | Hadramaut 48% · Muscat 13% |
| 1100 | Hadramaut 48% · Muscat 13% |
| 1200 | Hadramaut 48% · Muscat 13% |
| 1300 | Hadramaut 71% · Muscat 21% |
| 1400 | Hadramaut 71% · Muscat 21% |
| 1492 | Hadramaut 60% · Muscat 8% |
| 1500 | Hadramaut 60% · Muscat 8% |
| 1600 | Mahra 35% · Gharra 35% · Oman 2% |
| 1650 | Mahra 35% · Gharra 35% · Oman 2% |
| 1700 | Mahra 35% · Gharra 35% · Oman 2% |
| 1783 | Oman 17% |
| 1800 | Oman 17% |
| 1815 | Oman 17% |
| 1880 | Arabia 79% · Oman 21% |
| 1900 | Arabia 79% · Oman 21% |
| 1914 | British Protectorate 100% |
| 1920 | Muscat and Oman 100% |
| 1930 | Muscat and Oman 100% |
| 1938 | Muscat and Oman 100% |
| 1945 | Oman 100% |
| 1960 | Oman 100% |
| 1994 | Oman 100% |
| 2010 | Oman 100% |
Questions
Which empires and states ruled the territory of Oman?
On the border maps from 500 BC to today, the largest shares of the territory of modern Oman belonged to Hadramaut, Oman, Muscat and Oman, Abbasid Caliphate, Arabia, Mahra, along with 5 other states.
What was Oman part of in 1000?
On the border map for 1000, most of the territory of today's Oman lay within Hadramaut.
What was Oman part of in 1500?
On the border map for 1500, most of the territory of today's Oman lay within Hadramaut.
What was Oman part of in 1900?
On the border map for 1900, most of the territory of today's Oman lay within Arabia.
Further reading
Last updated 9 November 2026. Sources: border data from historical-basemaps, land and rivers from Natural Earth; texts written for Chronica Maps from standard reference works. How we make the maps.