The High Middle Ages: Europe in 1100 and 1300
Between 1100 and 1300, 18 states appear on the map of Europe and 20 disappear. Among those that vanish: Seljuk Empire, Fatimid Caliphate, Kievan Rus'. New on the map: Khanate of the Golden Horde, Ilkhanate, Ryazan. Byzantine Empire loses the most territory.
Open 1300 in the interactive map
States that disappeared
| State | Area in 1100 |
|---|---|
| Seljuk Empire | 2.04 million km² |
| Fatimid Caliphate | 1.82 million km² |
| Kievan Rus' | 1.63 million km² |
| Kingdom of France | 490,000 km² |
| Volga Bulgars | 420,000 km² |
| Alans | 180,000 km² |
| Armenia | 120,000 km² |
| England | 110,000 km² |
| León | 110,000 km² |
| Celtic kingdoms | 100,000 km² |
| Icelandic Commonwealth | 100,000 km² |
| Kingdom of Georgia | 70,000 km² |
New states on the map
| State | Area in 1300 |
|---|---|
| Khanate of the Golden Horde | 5.25 million km² |
| Ilkhanate | 3.77 million km² |
| Ryazan | 1.31 million km² |
| Novgorod | 910,000 km² |
| Hafsid Caliphate | 680,000 km² |
| France | 390,000 km² |
| Seljuk Caliphate | 340,000 km² |
| Castile | 320,000 km² |
| English territory | 290,000 km² |
| Morocco | 250,000 km² |
| Lithuania | 140,000 km² |
| Teutonic Knights | 120,000 km² |
States that grew or shrank
| State | Change in area |
|---|---|
| Byzantine Empire | −400,000 km² |
| Holy Roman Empire | +300,000 km² |
| Poland | −200,000 km² |
| Norway | +190,000 km² |
| Bulgar Khanate | −150,000 km² |
| Aragón | +120,000 km² |
| Hungary | +60,000 km² |
| Sweden | +30,000 km² |
| Navarre | −20,000 km² |
What happened in between
| Year | Event | Where |
|---|---|---|
| 1187 | Saladin retakes Jerusalem | Jerusalem |
| 1187 | Battle of Hattin; Saladin retakes Jerusalem | Battle of Hattin |
| 1204 | Fourth Crusade takes Constantinople | Istanbul |
| 1212 | Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa | Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa |
| 1215 | Magna Carta | Runnymede |
| 1223 | Battle of the Kalka: the Mongols reach Rus' | Battle of the Kalka River |
| 1240 | Mongols take Kyiv | Kyiv |
| 1242 | Battle on the Ice | Battle on the Ice (Lake Peipus) |
| 1258 | The Mongols sack Baghdad | Baghdad |
| 1260 | Battle of Ain Jalut | Battle of Ain Jalut |
Battles of the period
- Battle of Hattin · 1187
- Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa · 1212
- Runnymede · 1215
- Battle of the Kalka River · 1223
- Battle on the Ice (Lake Peipus) · 1242
- Battle of Ain Jalut · 1260
People of the period
| Lived | Person | |
|---|---|---|
| 1126 – 1198 | Averroes (Ibn Rushd) | Philosopher |
| 1137 – 1193 | Saladin | Sultan of Egypt and Syria |
| 1138 – 1204 | Maimonides | Jewish philosopher and physician |
| 1194 – 1250 | Frederick II | Holy Roman Emperor and King of Sicily |
| 1225 – 1274 | Thomas Aquinas | Theologian |
| 1254 – 1324 | Marco Polo | Merchant and traveller |
| 1265 – 1321 | Dante Alighieri | Poet |
| c. 1267 – 1337 | Giotto | Painter and architect |
Questions
How did the map of Europe change between 1100 and 1300?
Between 1100 and 1300, 18 states appear on the map of Europe and 20 disappear. Among those that vanish: Seljuk Empire, Fatimid Caliphate, Kievan Rus'. New on the map: Khanate of the Golden Horde, Ilkhanate, Ryazan. Byzantine Empire loses the most territory.
Which states disappeared from the map of Europe between 1100 and 1300?
Seljuk Empire, Fatimid Caliphate, Kievan Rus', Kingdom of France, Volga Bulgars, Alans, Armenia, England, León, Celtic kingdoms.
Which new states appeared between 1100 and 1300?
Khanate of the Golden Horde, Ilkhanate, Ryazan, Novgorod, Hafsid Caliphate, France, Seljuk Caliphate, Castile, English territory, Morocco.
Borders are drawn from the nearest available maps and are approximate.
Last updated 10 November 2026. Sources: border data from historical-basemaps, land and rivers from Natural Earth; texts written for Chronica Maps from standard reference works. How we make the maps.