José de San Martín
Led the Army of the Andes across the mountains to free Chile and proclaimed Peru’s independence in Lima in 1821.
| Lived | 1778 – 1850 |
| Known as | Leader of South American independence |
| Birthplace or main place | Yapeyú |
| Places on the map | Buenos Aires, Santiago, Lima |
YapeyúSee the world of José de San Martín in the interactive map
Who ruled these places in his lifetime
| Place | At birth (map of 1700) | At death (map of 1815) |
|---|---|---|
| Yapeyú | Savanna hunter-gatherers | United Provinces of the Río de la Plata |
| Buenos Aires | Pampas cultures | United Provinces of the Río de la Plata |
| Santiago | Viceroyalty of Peru | same |
| Lima | Viceroyalty of Peru | same |
From the border maps nearest to each date; borders are approximate.
Events in his lifetime
| Year | Event | Where |
|---|---|---|
| 1810 | The May Revolution | Buenos Aires |
| 1810 | The First Government Junta is formed on 18 September | Santiago |
| 1816 | Argentina declares independence | Buenos Aires |
| 1818 | Chile declares independence | Santiago |
| 1821 | San Martín proclaims Peru's independence | Lima |
Further reading
Contemporaries
| Lived | Person | |
|---|---|---|
| 1769 – 1849 | Muhammad Ali Pasha | Ruler of Egypt |
| 1785 – 1850 | Lin Zexu | Qing official |
| 1780 – 1839 | Ranjit Singh | Maharaja of the Sikh Empire |
| 1749 – 1832 | Johann Wolfgang von Goethe | Writer |
| 1770 – 1827 | Ludwig van Beethoven | Composer |
| 1743 – 1826 | Thomas Jefferson | Third president of the United States |
| 1802 – 1885 | Victor Hugo | Writer |
| 1783 – 1830 | Simón Bolívar | Liberator of South America |
| 1781 – 1826 | Stamford Raffles | British colonial official |
| 1806 – 1872 | Benito Juárez | President of Mexico |
Last updated 9 November 2026. Sources: border data from historical-basemaps, land and rivers from Natural Earth; texts written for Chronica Maps from standard reference works. How we make the maps.