The Largest States in the World in 1650
On the world border map for 1650, the largest state was Tsardom of Muscovy, with about 12.71 million km² — some 9% of the world's land. It was followed by Ottoman Empire and central Asian khanates.
The 20 largest states in 1650
| Rank | State | Area | Share of world land | Rank in 1600 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tsardom of Muscovy | 12.71 million km² | 8.5% | 2 |
| 2 | Ottoman Empire | 5.48 million km² | 3.7% | 4 |
| 3 | central Asian khanates | 5.29 million km² | 3.6% | 1 |
| 4 | Manchu Empire | 5.20 million km² | 3.5% | new |
| 5 | Viceroyalty of Peru | 3.78 million km² | 2.5% | 12 |
| 6 | Viceroyalty of New Spain | 2.89 million km² | 1.9% | 10 |
| 7 | Mughal Empire | 2.74 million km² | 1.8% | 9 |
| 8 | Safavid Empire | 2.10 million km² | 1.4% | 8 |
| 9 | Tibet | 2.07 million km² | 1.4% | 5 |
| 10 | Kazakh Khanate | 1.96 million km² | 1.3% | 7 |
| 11 | Dutch East Indies | 1.70 million km² | 1.1% | new |
| 12 | Morocco | 1.34 million km² | 0.9% | new |
| 13 | Khiva Khanate | 940,000 km² | 0.6% | 13 |
| 14 | Cree | 890,000 km² | 0.6% | 15 |
| 15 | Post-Ming Warlords | 880,000 km² | 0.6% | new |
| 16 | Sweden | 870,000 km² | 0.6% | 18 |
| 17 | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | 840,000 km² | 0.6% | new |
| 18 | Portuguese Brazil | 740,000 km² | 0.5% | new |
| 19 | Holy Roman Empire | 630,000 km² | 0.4% | 19 |
| 20 | Islamic and Hindu states | 520,000 km² | 0.3% | 6 |
Areas are measured from the border polygons of the map and are approximate; claimed areas, tributaries and unorganised land are not included.
Largest states by region
Europe
| Rank | State | Area |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ottoman Empire | 5.48 million km² |
| 2 | Sweden | 870,000 km² |
| 3 | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | 840,000 km² |
| 4 | Holy Roman Empire | 630,000 km² |
| 5 | Spain | 490,000 km² |
Asia
| Rank | State | Area |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | central Asian khanates | 5.29 million km² |
| 2 | Manchu Empire | 5.20 million km² |
| 3 | Mughal Empire | 2.74 million km² |
| 4 | Safavid Empire | 2.10 million km² |
| 5 | Tibet | 2.07 million km² |
Africa
| Rank | State | Area |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Morocco | 1.34 million km² |
| 2 | Madagascar | 430,000 km² |
| 3 | Kanem-Bornu | 360,000 km² |
| 4 | Darfur | 360,000 km² |
| 5 | Luba | 350,000 km² |
Americas
| Rank | State | Area |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Viceroyalty of Peru | 3.78 million km² |
| 2 | Viceroyalty of New Spain | 2.89 million km² |
| 3 | Cree | 890,000 km² |
| 4 | Portuguese Brazil | 740,000 km² |
| 5 | Dutch Brazil | 340,000 km² |
Oceania
| Rank | State | Area |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Meru | 40,000 km² |
| 2 | Tuʻi Tonga Empire | 20,000 km² |
| 3 | Dyungungoo (Gubbi Gubbi) | 20,000 km² |
| 4 | Thul Garrie Waja (Bindal) | 0 km² |
Questions
What was the largest country in the world in 1650?
Tsardom of Muscovy, with about 12.71 million km², on the border map for 1650.
What were the five largest states in 1650?
1. Tsardom of Muscovy (12.71 million km²); 2. Ottoman Empire (5.48 million km²); 3. central Asian khanates (5.29 million km²); 4. Manchu Empire (5.20 million km²); 5. Viceroyalty of Peru (3.78 million km²).
What was the largest state in Europe in 1650?
Ottoman Empire, with about 5.48 million km².
What was the largest state in Asia in 1650?
central Asian khanates, with about 5.29 million km².
What was the largest state in Africa in 1650?
Morocco, with about 1.34 million km².
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Last updated 10 November 2026. Sources: border data from historical-basemaps, land and rivers from Natural Earth; texts written for Chronica Maps from standard reference works. How we make the maps.