Gunpowder empires and the High Qing 1644–1839

The Qing, Mughal, Safavid and Ottoman empires; Japan closes itself off.

Map of Asia in 1783, during the Gunpowder empires and the High Qing — Border map for 1783. See the world in 1783.

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Border maps in this era

Timeline

Year	Event	Where
1644	Fall of the Ming; the Qing enters China	Beijing
1644	Battle of Shanhai Pass	Battle of Shanhai Pass
1757	Battle of Plassey	Battle of Plassey

Battles and sites

Battle of Shanhai Pass · 1644
Battle of Plassey · 1757

← The Ming and maritime trade Colonialism and imperialism →

Notable people of the Gunpowder empires and the High Qing

Lived	Person
1592 – 1666	Shah Jahan	Mughal emperor
1618 – 1707	Aurangzeb	Mughal emperor
1654 – 1722	Kangxi Emperor	Qing emperor
1711 – 1799	Qianlong Emperor	Qing emperor
1780 – 1839	Ranjit Singh	Maharaja of the Sikh Empire
1781 – 1826	Stamford Raffles	British colonial official
1785 – 1850	Lin Zexu	Qing official
1835 – 1908	Empress Dowager Cixi	De facto ruler of Qing China

Last updated 9 November 2026. Sources: border data from historical-basemaps, land and rivers from Natural Earth; texts written for Chronica Maps from standard reference works. How we make the maps.